醫學資訊
光學治療: 窄譜中波紫外線 (NB-UVB) 與准分子激光實踐
當白蝕症病灶面積較大(如超過體表面積的5%)或外用藥物療效不佳時,光線療法(Phototherapy)便成為臨床治療的核心支2。光療的生物學效應具備雙重性:一方面能誘導局部病灶中的T淋巴細胞凋亡,減弱自體免疫攻擊;另一方面能直接刺激毛囊外根鞘中處於休眠狀態的黑素幹細胞增殖、分化並向表皮遷移1。
窄譜中波紫外線(Narrowband UVB, NB-UVB) 是目前國際指南推薦的標準光療方案2。相比於早期的光化學療法(PUVA),NB-UVB使用波長集中在311–312 nm的紫外線,無需服用的光敏藥物(Psoralen),顯著降低了噁心、光毒性灼傷及長期致癌風險2。患者通常每週需進行 1 至 2次全身或局部照射,初始劑量根據患者的皮膚光型(Fitzpatrick skin type)確定,並隨後根據紅斑反應逐步微調7。

對於小面積、局限性或難治區域(如手足關節)的白蝕病灶,308納米准分子激光/光(308nm Excimer Laser/Light) 提供了更精準的解決方案1。准分子激光能輸出高能量密度的單色光,直接照射患處而完全避開周圍正常皮膚,從而累積更高的治療劑量,縮短達至復色所需的時間1。
光療通常需要較長療程,患者往往在接受20至30次照射後開始看到毛囊周圍出現島嶼狀的色素點(Islands of repigmentation),而獲得滿意的色素恢復常需持續治療6至12個月以上7。光療的最常見副作用包括照射部位輕微紅斑、皮膚乾燥及瘙癢,通過調整輻照劑量及使用保濕劑多可順利緩解7。
Reference
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